For Whom The Bell Tolls By Ernest Hemingway (1899 - 1961) Essays

Beginner English Lesson Plan First Day of Class Free Essays

Fledgling English Lesson Plan: First Day of Class Note to educators: With amateurs, emulate and development are fundamental. Don’t stress if understudies can't comprehend all that you state, talk gradually and use loads of non-verbal communication to pass on guidelines. For learners, comprehension and passing on fundamental significance is considerably more significant than utilizing impeccable sentence structure. We will compose a custom exposition test on Tenderfoot English Lesson Plan: First Day of Class or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Urge understudies to utilize any English they have accessible to express what is on their mind. Keep in mind, learning a language is certifiably not a straight procedure. Level: Beginner with some earlier English Time: 1. 5 hours Materials: Bring some ordinary articles to class (ideally one for every understudy) pick a couple of things from various classifications, such as attire, food, and family unit things. Likewise bring paper and pens and pictures from home (if accessible). Objective: Review essential jargon and sentence structures, evaluate students’ aptitude levels and earlier information, and become acquainted with your understudies on the primary day. Action 1: Introductions (5 minutes). As understudies enter the study hall stroll around and state â€Å"hello. † Introduce yourself utilizing the expression â€Å"hi, my name is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and ask â€Å"what is your name? Attempt to evoke reactions and cause understudies to feel calm. Action 2: Warm up circle hurl (5 minutes). Structure a standing circle and practice as a gathering, the expressions â€Å"hi my name is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"what’s your name? † If you have composing materials accessible, compose the expression and question in a spot that all understudies can see it and use it as a source of perspective. At that point pick one of the items that can be effortlessly hurled around. Start the hover hurl by saying the expression, â€Å"hi, my name is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  then hurl the object and ask â€Å"what is your name? Understudies should then copy your model until everybody has had at any rate one turn. Action 3: Vocabulary (10 minutes). Have understudies sit, yet remain around. Accumulate the articles that you have brought and demonstrate them to the understudies. Start by asking â€Å"what is this? † and check whether anybody knows the appropriate response. Hold one article up and rehash the name of the item gradually, utilizing the expression â€Å" this is a†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Pass the article to one side and ask â€Å"what is this? † The understudy to one side ought to react with â€Å"this is a†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and afterward ask â€Å"what is this? † and pass it to one side. Proceed with this action until the sum total of what things have been passed around the circle. This may appear to be redundant, yet it is significant that understudies are alright with the exercises and feel fruitful, particularly on the primary day. On the off chance that it appears to be unreasonably simple for the understudies you can make the game additionally testing by having a few things flowing on the double or by requesting that understudies close their eyes and check whether they can perceive things by contact. Movement 4: Categories (15-20 minutes). Give every understudy one of the items and have them find different understudies with objects of a similar classification. You can exhibit this by indicating two like things and gesturing your head at that point show two not at all like things and shaking your head. When understudies are sorted out into gatherings, attempt to evoke the name of their class, for example, â€Å"food†. Each gathering is then liable for concocting 5 different things that have a place in their classification and introducing those words to different gatherings. Have understudies draw pictures or emulate different things for their class, in the event that they don’t realize the English word urge them to ask you â€Å"what is this in English? † and afterward give them the word, ensuring that it is rehashed by each individual from the gathering. When the gatherings are certain with the new words, have various understudies from each gathering show their new words to the remainder of the class. Request that one understudy hold up an image and ask â€Å"what is this? † If nobody knows the appropriate response then the understudy with the image can bore the class, giving the signal and having different understudies rehash it back. Do this with each gathering until all the new words have been drilled. Note: If understudies appear to be entirely OK with the jargon, present new classifications for each gathering before beginning the action and have understudies consider the same number of words as they can. A few proposals are: Animals, Professions, Family Members, or Things You Like to Do. Action 5: Get to know your neighbor (20 minutes). This movement is intended for you to more readily evaluate the ability levels in the class. For this action you are the eyewitness, possibly brief understudies in the event that they appear to be trapped. Take mental notes of the language structure structures and the jargon that they use. On the off chance that a few understudies are a lot more grounded than others recollect them, you can utilize them for shows and have them help other people. For this action put understudies two by two. Have them ask and answer straightforward inquiries about themselves and their accomplices, let them pose any inquiries they can. Understudies are to become more acquainted with something about their accomplice. Next, have them find new accomplices. Understudy A will inform the new accomplice something regarding understudy B and visa versa; at that point everybody trades accomplices and rehashes the action. Pick one of the more certain understudies to show an exchange. Any photographs or props you have accessible would be helpful for this activity. Present yourself and request that the understudy do likewise. Pose a basic inquiry that the understudy will likely know or that you can emulate for significance. For instance â€Å"Do you like †¦? † and hold up one of the food things. You can emulate â€Å"I like† and â€Å"I don’t like† if the understudy doesn’t comprehend. At that point get another understudy and state â€Å"This is Nola, she enjoys †¦ † Follow with â€Å"Do you like†¦? † Put Nola with the other understudy and have Nola ask the second understudy another inquiry. For instance â€Å"How old right? † Demonstrate this a couple of times by directing understudies to ask and answer inquiry at that point exchanging them with different understudies. Stress that they can pose any inquiry. When they get the thought. Allow them 15 minutes to converse with the same number of understudies as they can. Stroll around and tune in to what understudies concoct, yet don’t right them. On the off chance that a couple is completely lost, at that point give them a few inquiries and practice them with them, in any case simply watch. Movement 6: Wrap up (10 minutes). Have understudies remain in the sets that they are in. Inform them to reveal to you something regarding their accomplice. Be empowering and don’t demand right language structure as long as the essential structure is there, for instance Nola may state â€Å"This is Sam, he like swimming. Rather than revising the understudy, simply rehash the expression back utilizing the right syntax by saying something like, â€Å"oh, Sam likes swimming. I like swimming as well. † If there are regular slip-ups among understudies you can utilize that as a concentration for your next exercise. Completion the class: End the class by bidding farewell rehashing the names of understudies and shaking their hands. Attempt to recollect their names and something extraordinary about them. For instance, â€Å"it was ideal to meet you Sam, have a great time swimming. † Step by step instructions to refer to Beginner English Lesson Plan: First Day of Class, Papers

APA Ethics Code Guidelines for Ethical Behavior

APA Ethics Code Guidelines for Ethical Behavior More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy In This Article Table of Contents Expand The APA’s Code of Ethics The Five Ethical Principles Ethical Standards Ethical Code Violations Ethical Considerations Ethics are an important concern in the field of psychology, particularly as it relates to therapy and research. Working with patients and conducting psychological research can pose a wide variety of ethical and moral issues that need to be addressed. The APA ethics code provides guidance for professionals working in the field of psychology so that theyre better equipped with the knowledge of what to do when they encounter some type of moral or ethical dilemma. Some of these are principles or values that psychologists should aspire to uphold. In other cases, the APA outlines standards that are enforceable expectations. The APA’s Code of Ethics The American Psychological Association (APA) publishes the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct which outlines the aspirational principles as well as enforceable standards that psychologists should use when making decisions. The APA first published their ethics code in 1953 and it has been continuously evolving ever since. The current version of the ethics code, which introduced the distinction between principles and standards, was developed in 2002 and later amended in 2010 and 2016. The APA code of ethics is composed of key principles and ethical standards. The principles are intended as a guide to help inspire psychologists as they work in their profession, whether they are working in mental health, in research, or in business. The standards, on the other hands, are expectations of conduct that can lead to professional and legal ramifications when violated. As Nicholas Hobbs, who served as an APA president and head of one of the committees that designed the standards explained, the purpose of the code is not to keep unscrupulous people out of trouble. It serves as an aid to help ethical psychologists make real-world decisions in their daily practice. The code of ethics applies only to work-related, professional activities including research, teaching, counseling, psychotherapy, and consulting. Private conduct is not subject to scrutiny by the APAs ethics committee. The Five Ethical Principles Not all ethical issues are clear-cut, but the APA strives to offer psychologists guiding principles to help them make sound ethical choices within their profession. Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence The first principle of the APA ethics code states that psychologists should strive to protect the rights and welfare of those who they work with professionally. This includes the clients that they see in clinical practice, animals that are involved in research and experiments, as well as anyone else with whom they engage in professional interaction. This principle encourages psychologists to strive to eliminate biases, affiliations, and prejudices that might influence their work. This includes acting independently in research and not allowing affiliations or sponsorships influence results. Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility The APA also suggests that psychologists have a moral responsibility to help ensure that others working in their profession also uphold high ethical standards. This principle suggests that psychologists should participate in activities that enhance the ethical compliance and conduct of their colleagues. Serving as a mentor, taking part in peer-review, and pointing out ethical concerns or misconduct are examples of how this principle might be put into action. Psychologists are also encouraged to donate some of their time to the betterment of the community. Principle C: Integrity In research and practice, psychologists should never attempt to deceive or misrepresent. In research, deception can involve fabricating or manipulating results in some way to achieve desired outcomes. Psychologists should also strive for transparency and honesty in their practice. When deception is used in research (which may involve the use of confederates as participants or not fully revealing the true nature of the research), psychologists must make efforts to mitigate the effects. This type of research deception must be justified and the possible gains must outweigh potential drawbacks. The use of deception should be minimal, not result in distress, and be disclosed at the earliest possible opportunity. Controversial and Unethical Psychological Experiments for Reasearch Principle D: Justice In it’s broadest sense, justice relates to a responsibility to be fair and impartial. This principle states that people have a right to access and benefit from advances that have been made in the field of psychology. It is important for psychologists to treat people equally. Psychologists should also always practice within their area of expertise and also be aware of their level of competence and limitations. Principle E: Respect for Peoples Rights and Dignity Psychologists should respect the right to dignity, privacy, and confidentiality of those they work with professionally. They should also strive to minimize their own biases as well as be aware of issues related to diversity and the concerns of particular populations. For example, people may have specific concerns that are related to their age, socioeconomic status, race, gender, religion, ethnicity, or disability. Ethical Standards The 10 standards found in the APA ethics code are enforceable rules of conduct for psychologists working in clinical practice and academia. These standards tend to be broad in order to help guide the behavior of psychologists across a wide variety of domains and situations. They apply to areas such as education, therapy, advertising, privacy, research, and publication. Resolving Ethical Issues This standard of the APA ethics code provides information about what psychologists should do to resolve ethical situations they may encounter in their work. This includes advice for what researchers should do when their work is misrepresented and when to report ethical violations. Competence It is important that psychologists practice within their area of expertise. When treating clients or working with the public, psychologists must make it clear what they are trained to do as well as what they are not trained to do. This standard stipulates that in an emergency situation, professionals may provide services even if it falls outside the scope of their practice in order to ensure that access to services is provided. 20 Different Types of Psychologists and What They Do Human Relations Psychologists frequently work with a team of other mental health professionals. This standard of the ethics code is designed to guide psychologists in their interactions with other professionals in the field. This includes guidelines related to dealing with sexual harassment, discrimination, avoiding harm during treatment, and avoiding exploitive relationships (such as having a sexual relationship with a student or subordinate). Privacy and Confidentiality This standard outlines psychologists’ responsibilities with regards to maintaining patient confidentiality. Psychologists are obligated to take reasonable precautions to keep client information private. However, the APA also notes that there are limitations to confidentiality. Sometimes psychologists need to disclose information about their patients in order to consult with other mental health professionals, for example. While there are cases where information is divulged, psychologists must strive to minimize these intrusions on privacy and confidentiality. Advertising and Other Public Statements Psychologists who advertise their services must ensure that they accurately depict their training, experience, and expertise. They also need to avoid marketing statements that are deceptive or false. This also applies to how psychologists are portrayed by the media when providing their expertise or opinion in articles, blogs, books, or television programs. When presenting at conferences or giving workshops, psychologists should also ensure that the brochures and other marketing materials for the event accurately depict what the event will cover. Record Keeping and Fees Maintaining accurate records is an important part of a psychologist’s work, whether the individual is working in research or with patients. Patient records include case notes and other diagnostic assessments that are used in the course of treatment. In terms of research, record keeping involves detailing how studies were performed and the procedures that were used. This allows other researchers to assess the research and ensures that the study can be replicated. Education and Training This standard focuses on expectations for behavior when psychologists are teaching or training students. When creating courses and programs to train other psychologists and mental health professionals, current and accurate evidence-based research should be used. This standard also states that faculty members are not allowed to provide psychotherapy services to their students. Research and Publication This standard focuses on ethical considerations when conducting research and publishing results. For example, the APA states that psychologists must obtain approval from the institution that is carrying out the research, present information about the purpose of the study to participants, and inform participants about the potential risks of taking part in the research. Assessment Psychologists should obtain informed consent before administering assessments. Assessments should be used to support a psychologist’s professional opinion, but they should also understand the limitations of these tools. They should also take steps to ensure the privacy of those who have taken assessments. Therapy This standard outlines professional expectations within the context of providing therapy. Areas that are addressed include the importance of obtaining informed consent and explaining the treatment process to clients. Confidentiality is addressed, as well as some of the limitations to confidentiality, such as when a client poses an immediate danger to himself or others. Minimizing harm, avoiding sexual relationships with clients, and continuation of care are other areas that are addressed by this standard. For example, if a psychologist must stop providing services to a client for some reason, psychologists are expected to prepare clients for the change and help locate alternative services. 5 Types of Mental Health Professionals Who Can Provide Psychotherapy Ethical Code Violations What happens if a psychologist violates a standard in the APA ethics code? After a report of unethical conduct is received, the APA may censure or reprimand the psychologist, or the individual may have his or her APA membership revoked. Complaints may also be referred to others, including state professional licensing boards. State psychological associations, professional groups, licensing boards, and government agencies may also choose to impose sanctions against the psychologist. Health insurance agencies and state and federal payers of health insurance claims may also pursue action against professionals for ethical violations related to treatment, billing, or fraud. Those affected by ethical violations may also opt to seek monetary damages in civil courts. Illegal activity may be prosecuted in the criminal courts. If this results in a felony conviction, the APA may take further actions including suspension or expulsion from state psychological associations and the suspension or loss of the psychologists license to practice. Ethical Considerations in Psychology Because psychologists often deal with extremely sensitive or volatile situations, ethical concerns can play a big role in professional life. Key Ethical Issues Client Welfare: Due to the role they serve, psychologists often work with individuals who are vulnerable due to their age, disability, intellectual ability, and other concerns. When working with these individuals, psychologists must always strive to protect the welfare of their clients. Informed consent: Psychologists are responsible for providing a wide range of services in their roles as therapists, researchers, educators, and consultants. When people are acting as consumers of psychological services, they have a right to know what to expect. In therapy, obtaining informed consent involves explaining what services are offered, what the possible risks might be, and the patient’s right to leave treatment. When conducting research, informed consent involves letting participants know about any possible risks of taking part in the research. Confidentiality: Therapy requires providing a safe place for clients to discuss highly personal issues without fear of having this information shared with others or made public. However, sometimes a psychologist might need to share some details such as when consulting with other professionals or when they are publishing research. Ethical guidelines dictate when and how some information might be shared, as well as some of the steps that psychologists should take to protect client privacy. Competence: The training, education, and experience of psychologists is also an important ethical concern. Psychologists must possess the skill and knowledge to properly provide the services that clients need. For example, if a psychologist needs to administer a particular assessment in the course of treatment, they should have an understanding of both the administration and interpretation of that specific test. A Word From Verywell While ethical codes exist to help psychologists, this does not mean that psychology is free of ethical controversy today. Current debates over psychologists’ participation in torture, the use of animals in psychological research, and the use of conversion therapy remain hot-button ethical concerns.

Gandhi appealing to a wider population and not just the...

Gandhis Policy of Non-Cooperation and Indias Independence In 1947 India was granted with its independence from the British Empire that had ruled over India since the 19th century. The campaign for independence began with the formation of the Indian National Congress party in 1885, the congress was a party for Indians to play a part in the running of the country. However, in 1914 World War 1 broke out and Indian people supported Britain and the Empire, sending food, materials and money. In exchange for their support during the war Congress demanded the British fix a date for India to become self-governing. This was agreed by the†¦show more content†¦Along came 50 soldiers and without ordering the crowd to leave fired upon the innocent men, women and children. After about six minutes 300 lay dead and another 1,000 injured. There was no escape for the crowd and the British only stopped firing as they had run out of ammunition. In 1921 Ghandi launched his first campaign of non-violent protest against the new constitutional arrangements announced by British in 1919. Before it had become a part of the British Colonies India used to make its own salt and its own cotton and they did not pay any taxes. All this had changed under British rule and Ghandi helped to organised demonstrations all over India. One act of civil disobedience involved Ghandi leading a march to the sea where he and his followers made salt from the seawater. People were arrested for making and selling the salt butt the protest helped to show how powerless the army were in the face of individuals acting together. By 1922 the British had imprisoned around 30,000 Congress members none of whom had been violent in any way but many had been beaten the British army. Gandhi had persuaded Congress to use non-cooperation. He said the individuals should learn to control their anger and other passions, and to live simple lives, so that they would dev elop a quality within themselves called soul force (satyagrahga, in Hindi) He knew that the BritishShow MoreRelatedImpact of Television Advertisements on the Buying Decision of Consumers of Consumer Durables17484 Words   |  70 Pageswe need to develop more epilogues’ between the producers and the customer. So that it would promote information to the customers about the product quality, techno loges used manufacturing method practiced and safety awareness obtained. J.C. Gandhi says Television makes full use of sight, sound and motion and thereby maximizes impact on audience on color TVs now may also be used to add to the impact. It’s selectivity and flexi ability in programme timings, themes and choice of geographic areaRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesprevious epoch of history was war so vilified and peace so consciously pursued through the establishment of international organizations and diplomatic exchanges. Despite these endeavors, the levels of domestic and international violence within human populations and the ravages visited upon animals and the natural world by humans vastly exceeded that of any previous era in history. In a century where human communities globally and individuals locally had the potential to be much more intensely connectedRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesto build a good relationship between the two. In this way the customer is made to feel as if she/he is a partner in the transaction not just a source of revenue for the marketer. In recent years this has lead to the concept of Customer Relationship Management (CRM), which has emerged as a strategic approach that insures that everyone in an organization, not just the marketer, understands the importance of customers. Maintaining close and consistent relationships with customers through all pointsRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesdance culture that was still raw and far from respectable. He actually preferred classical music. The club’s name, the Ministry of Sound, ironically recalled Palumbo’s father, a former Minister in the Conservative government of the day. Yet within just 10 years, Palumbo built the Ministry of Sound into a music and media emp ire worth nearly  £150m. Two years later, Palumbo had quit as chief executive and the Ministry of Sound was looking for a new strategic direction. The Ministry of Sound’s startRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesadvised a young colleague, â€Å"If your students aren’t learning, you’re not teaching—you’re just talking!† Here’s what some authorities on higher education have to say about how effective teachers foster learning: â€Å"All genuine learning is active, not passive. It is a process of discovery in which the student is the main agent, not the teacher.† (Adler, 1982) â€Å"Learning is not a spectator sport. Students do not learn much just by sitting in a class listening to teachers, memorizing pre-packaged assignments,

America and Homicide Essay - 1534 Words

America and Homicide The United States has been a world leader in homicide for centuries. Indeed, â€Å"since the early 19th century ...[America has been] the most homicidal country in the Western world† and holds that title today (Kelley, 2009). In a 2007-2008 list of 31 nations, only two nations, Mexico and Chile, had higher homicide rates (Comparison, 2010). Nations with higher populations, such as India and China have fewer homicides (Comparison, 2010). Further, a nation such as Japan, which has a lower population but a higher population density then the United States, has one of the world’s lowest homicide rates (Comparison, 2010). Population size and density, therefore, cannot be the chief reasons for this nation’s higher homicide rates.†¦show more content†¦Indeed, the American love of criminals always seems connected to this feeling. Americans champion criminals if the can view their actions as an attempt to stab back at those they blame for their misfortunes (such a s â€Å"robbing from the rich† or â€Å"killing dangerous people’) as a benefit to society. For example, John Dillinger’s bank robberies during depression era foreclosures satisfied the anger many Americans had against the rich banks who were taking their homes (Esposito, 2009). This may be the reason why many view certain criminals who take from the wealthy or who take action against government or political rulers as folk heroes – because they fulfill all public dreams of getting even, settling the score, and making things fair. Indeed, this is what may have driven Jared Lee Loughner to shoot Gabrielle Giffords. This point of view is seen today in gang members’ need to defend their honor by killing each other when members of other gangs â€Å"enter their turf† as it is in the murder of abortion doctors by Christian extremists who believe God is on their side because murder is wrong. Gun Laws American culture, of course, is also a reason why America is one of the few industrialized nations in the world where gun ownership is a civil right. Indeed, the lowest gun ownership rate in the world, 2%, belongs to the Netherlands and the highest, 49.1%, belongs to the United StatesShow MoreRelatedThe Same American Phenomenon Of High Homicide Rates1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States of America has one of the highest rates of Homicide in the developed world, though most people tend to agree that Russia’s homicide rate are higher, the question remains as to why. The following essay will look at three different perspectives of the same American phenomenon of high homicide rates. All three pieces state that homicide rates are uniquely high in the United States, this is in stark contrast to other like developed nations such as France, Germany, and The United KingdomRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1501 Words   |  7 Pagesof a firearm remains, the purpose of to killing people. The government in America has created laws for the use of guns, but not all people follow them. Gun ownership is the most basic American right and also one of the most contentious social and political issues of now a days. There are almost 300 million of private-owned firearms in the US, in this nation there is almost one gun for every man, woman and child in America. The third part of America’s the population owned at least one gun. Many ofRead MoreGuns : Danger Or Protection1593 Words   |  7 Pagesof a firearm remains, the purpose of to killing people. The government in America has created laws for the use of guns, but not all people follow them. Gun ownership is the most basic American right and also one of the most contentious social and political issues of now a days. There are almost 300 million of private-owned firearms in the US, in this nation there is almost one gun for every man, woman and child in America. The third part of America’s the population owned at least one gun. Many ofRead MoreThe Role Of Homicide Rates And A Variation Of Studies985 Words   |  4 PagesWritten Article Review on Homicide in Chile: Trends 2000 - 2012 I. NAME. Cole J. Leaf II. CLASS. Introduction to Justice A110 ? Monday and Wednesday 2:30-3:45 III. DATE. Wednesday, October 26, 2016 at 2:30 PM IV. ARTICLE CITATION Otzen, T., Sanhueza, A., Manterola, C., Melnik, T., Hetz, M. (2015, December/January). Homicide in Chile: Trends 2000 ? 2012. BMC Psychiatry. DOI:10.1186/s12888-015-0632-5 V. SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE. This article is the breakdown of homicide rates and a variation ofRead MoreThe Problem With Gun Control Laws1479 Words   |  6 PagesOrozco 1 Berenia Orozco The problem with guns in America has been an ongoing issue for many years. According to statistics from the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, in 2010 alone there were about 31,076 deaths by gun and all were either homicides, suicides or unintentional shootings. 73,505 people were treated in the hospital for non fatal gunshot wounds in 2010 as well. Gun control laws are a benefit to America because they would help reduce gun deaths and other gun-related incidents allRead MoreGun Control Persuasive Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most argued topic in America right now is probably the issue regarding gun control. Hundreds of years ago, our Founding Fathers probably created the second amendment in order to give us the citizen the right to protect our own safety, but who would have thought that right has led to many heartbroken incidents, where numerous innocent people died as a result of a bad guy owning a gun. Along with most of us today, we still consider that the seco nd amendment in the Bill of Rights guaranteesRead MoreGun Violence Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pageshave access to a gun?. America has the highest number of gun violence between all the developed countries. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that on an average day, 93 Americans are killed with guns. Mass shootings and homicides, that happen quite often at recent times, are a big part of gun problems in the US. While Canada is bigger country than the US, but according to UN data, the US has almost six times more gun homicide than Canada. The US also hasRead MoreThe Blame Game Analyzing Gun Violence in America1720 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In 1993, there were more than 18,000 firearm homicides in America. That number has been decreasing for the past two decades. In 2011, the reported number of firearm homicides was a little more than 11,000. In another part of the world, Germany was reported to have less than 200 firearm homicides, France less than 50. It is also estimated that there are around 270 million guns in America. This paper examines the possibility that if the American government put into place gun regulationRead MoreWhy Guns Should Not Have Regulation875 Words   |  4 Pagesto affect those that already existed (Lysy 2013). An outright ban on all guns and other weaponry for non-military use, both new and already present, needs to enact in America as the current laws are excessively lax and also contribute to an abnormally high gun-related homicide rate. A comparison between the gun laws between America and any other of the modern countries leaves a startling contrast. Contrary to the belief that most shootings occur where guns bans are in effect, all but four US statesRead More Gun Control Control Laws Decrease Crime Essay540 Words   |  3 Pagesowners is necessary because of the homicide rate involving guns and the violence by criminals using guns. Many people feel that gun control violates the right of the people given in the second amendment the right quot;to bear armsquot;. Opponents of gun control, including the National Rifle Association, better known as the NRA, argue that the quot;right To bear armsquot; is guaranteed in the second amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America and licensing restrictions penalize

Improving Labor Standards In Developing Countries Economics Essay Free Essays

â€Å" The modern transnational corporation ( MNC ) is an economic, political, environmental, and cultural force that is ineluctable in today ‘s globalised universe † ( Chandler and Mazlish, 2005: 19 ) . Todays planetary economic system and political relations are greatly influenced by the forces of globalisation[ 1 ]. In this context, Multinational Corporations ( MNCs ) phenomenal growing since 1980s has witnessed an impact on every domain of modern life ; such as cars, commercial aircraft, Information Technology, consumer merchandises, nutrient and drinks which makes its function important in this ‘global era ‘ ( Chandler and Mazlish, 2005: 2 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Labor Standards In Developing Countries Economics Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the liberalization of international trade and free flow of capital, big Numberss of developing states have espoused into international trade agreements ; which have significantly shaped the planetary forms of trade and international division of labor ( Zammit, Forthcoming ) . In this context, MNCs are planetary houses that manage production, grosss, and investing beyond its boundary lines along with a pool of international human resource. With the coming of globalisation epoch, the inquiry of set uping minimal labor criterions for developing states has raised multifaceted issues, such as economic, political and moral which to day of the month remains combative[ 2 ]. For past two decennaries efforts have been made by the United States, along with other beforehand state authoritiess, and the International Confederation of Free trade Unions ( ICFTU ) , to set up many-sided regulations in the World Trade Organisation ( WTO ) to implement higher labor criterions globally. These criterions were being placed to take rigorous trade steps against states deemed unable to keep core labour criterions. ( Singh and Zammit: 2004 ) . However, this enterprise did non happen as developing states opposed this thought and marred this talk by veiled protectionist schemes. In this context, this paper focuses on the outgrowth of ‘global concern revolution ‘ since 1980s and the mode in which it affects labour criterions in developing states. The paper has two cardinal purposes, foremost to measure the cardinal issues in this on-going argument on labor criterions in the literature, and 2nd to analyze the ability of large concerns to better labor criterions in the labour intensive export-oriented work force in the context of planetary value ironss based in developing states. In making so this paper will analyze work conditions of workers employed at the underside of value ironss in developing states. This paper structures ‘ around five elements: I ) an overview of the international labor criterions, this subdivision will research the contention around core labor criterions and it significance from the position of large concern ‘ ability to better them ; two ) Economic development and labor criterions, this subdivision will discourse nature and form of international trade and investing and the its effects on rewards, employment ; three ) the paper so examine the development of planetary production webs and value ironss, in making so the paper will look at the impact of planetary production on working status in the informal sector concentrating on dress and footwear industry in Pakistan, as these industries are labour intensive ; four ) the consequence of developing state trade on labour market conditions in the North ; V ) a brief expression at the possible function of International Labour Organisation ( ILO ) , host authoritiess, Non-government administrations NGOs, W orld Trade Organisation ( WTO ) and Trade Unions to better labor criterions by partnering with planetary large concern. This paper argues that aˆÂ ¦ . International Labour Standards: The On Traveling Argument This subdivision focuses on divergent positions of developed and developing states on planetary trade and labour criterions. The conflict between advocators of a planetary labor criterions and oppositions of the criterions is based on economic and political struggles between developed and developing states. In order to asses the ability of MNCs to better labor criterions in developing states, it is indispensable to be clear about what is meant by labour criterions and understand why they are extremely combative. The contested labor criterions are embodied in ILO 1998 Declaration of Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, as the benchmark to mensurate labour criterions. Of these criterions, I ) freedom of association and right to collective bargaining ; two ) freedom from forced labor ; three ) the abolishment of child labor and four ) the riddance of favoritism in the workplace are considered to be core labour criterions ( CLS ) . These criterions were jointly accepted by the member state provinces to continue them ( Singh and Zammit, 2004 ) . However, this has non been the instance. These core labor criterions are viewed by many NGOs as basic human rights. The nucleus criterions are besides known as â€Å" societal clauses † on the footing of human-centered evidences. However, Singh and Zammit argue, by categorising nucleus labor criterions as human rights will forestall any farther argument to take topographic point on happening a favourable manner to implement them in developing states ( Singh and Zammit, 2003: 10 ) . The Declaration clearly states that â€Å" We reject the usage of labor criterions for protectionist intents, and agree that the comparative advantage of states, peculiarly low-wage developing states, must in no manner be put into inquiry † ( WTO, 1996 ) . However, there is differentiation between nucleus labor criterions and other labor criterions, which besides factors into ‘social clause ‘ and normally embodies labour criterions such as minimal rewards, restriction of work hours, and occupational wellness and safety. The function of other labour criterions can non be underestimated in the visible radiation of nucleus criterions as they play a important function to analyze the influence of MNCs on criterions. Therefore, â€Å" labour criterions can be understood as societal ordinances † that are â€Å" designed to turn to fairness, wellness and safety † , and at the same time economic in nature to modulate r ewards and control motions in the market ( Mehmet 1999: 90 ) . Although, liberalization of free trade has offered both challenges and chances to states based in South ; Elliott and Freeman note, that many developing states are committed and inclined to better nucleus and other labor criterions. Many of the developing states have Torahs to keep ‘decent labour conditions ‘ ( Elliott and Freeman, 2003: 11 ) . However, due to weak economic constructions and deficiency of resources and inability to implement labour codifications, shackles the betterment of criterions in developing states. Hence, argument over labour criterions is on-going, the inquiry is what are the ideal criterions and what is the best manner to integrate them ( Singh and Zammit, 2004: 3 ) . It is proposed, that as labor criterions aid equilibrate the involvements of workers and capital within states and within the planetary economic system ; workers through corporate brotherhoods should take upon themselves to implement these criterions. [ Connect ] Singh and Zammit argues that since nucleus labor convention do non include minimal pay, hence, execution of nucleus criterions will hold no impact on pay degrees and other labor costs and hence, developing states should follow this criterion. II Nature and Pattern of International Trade and Investment: Consequence of developing state trade on labour market conditions in the North There is complex relationship between the labor criterions and economic development. The International trade enlargement has brought labour markets of developed states in close contact with those of developing states[ 3 ]. This economic relationship has reaped great benefits such as heightening the development in the development states through the transportation of cognition and foreign direct investing ( FDI ) from the North. On the other manus, developed states in the North has benefited from this trade relationship by seeing lifting criterions of life. However, Wood notes, that this relationship has affected the unskilled labor of North, by diminishing rewards and doing them excess ( Wood, 2004: 1 ) . The 1947 preamble of the original General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ) stated: â€Å" Relationss among states in the field of trade and economic enterprise should be conducted with the position of raising criterions of life and guaranting full employment † ( cited in Harvey et Al, 2000: 4 ; Chan, and Ross. 2003: 1012 ) . This facet of globalisation has an impact on workers from both South and the North. For illustration, developed states are concerned that trade with low-wage states which is non synonymous for low labor criterions states are responsible for increasing pay inequality and loss of employment chances in developed states. Nolan argues that the â€Å" planetary concern revolution † has â€Å" changed the nature of the capitalist house, the form of competition and the manner in which economic production is forming in much of the planetary economic system † ( Nolan, 2006: 1 ) . This development of planetary concern has generated competition at planetary degree, which compels houses in similar industries to unify their resources in order to accomplish economic systems of graduated table and derive competitory advantages of houses. Therefore, these amalgamations and acquisitions make MNCs powerful entity to play a dominant function in the planetary production and trade. ( Connect with following parity ) The ordinances of the new planetary production system and trade have been redefined under the counsel of transnational corporations and their subordinates, developing ‘system planimeters ‘ in planetary value ironss. The planetary retail merchants employ new engineerings and methods acquired through amalgamations to exercise force per unit area on houses in supply concatenation. These system planimeters posses unequal bargaining power in value ironss, as they put force per unit areas in the retail sector, for consolidation to their first grade providers for ‘right monetary value ‘ and ‘right clip ‘ , who further pass the force per unit areas to bottom of the supply concatenation which is normally labour intensive and outsourced to developing states to entree cheap labour. Therefore, making ‘cascade consequence ‘ to obtain economic systems of graduated table. Nolan argues this â€Å" ‘cascade consequence ‘ will hold profound deductions † for southern states houses â€Å" in catching up † at the planetary degree, that may make entry barriers into planetary concern ( 2006, 155 ) . From developing states ‘ positions, entry into value concatenation plays a important entry point for their local corporations to hold entree to â€Å" the planetary trade good ironss of nucleus houses † located in developed states ( Nolan, 2006: 3 ) . Therefore, less developed states ‘ houses admission is non entirely managed by the trade policies but besides by the tactful determinations of the parent houses in the value ironss. Although MNCs play a important function in developing states by puting in different industries and supplying employment chances with their economic and industrial power, the developed states ‘ authoritiess have exploited the ‘weak bargaining place ‘ of developing states to make more avenues for large concern ( Madeley, 2008: 17 ) . How Labour criterions and patterns Therefore, â€Å" MNCs are non merely economic entities but portion of complex interplay of factors † , that has both positive and negative effects on societal, cultural environment of the host states ( Chandler and Mazlish, 2005: 3-4 ) . How to cite Improving Labor Standards In Developing Countries Economics Essay, Essay examples

US Expansion Of 1800s Essay Example For Students

US Expansion Of 1800s Essay Throughout the first half of the 1800s or 19th century there were manyfactors influencing United States expansion. From the Louisiana Purchase in 1803to the Gadsden Purchase in 1853 the United States had tripled in size since itsoriginal thirteen colonies and only paid forty-five million dollars in doing so. The idea of Manifest Destiny spread quickly throughout the country and soonthousands were moving westward in search of a new way of life. The idea ofManifest Destiny was for the U.S. to occupy the entire continent. The onlyproblem was that the land it was expanding on to didnt belong to the U.S. Onesuch factor that influenced the expansion of the U.S. was the occupation ofnearby territories by foreign countries. The largest territory and first one tobe bought by the U.S. was the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. In order for theUnited States to expand successfully into the west they needed control of theMississippi River, which at the time was owned by France. The port at NewOrleans was extremely important to the navigation of the Mississippi andprovided a good market for trade. While this purchase was very successful,others did not go as well. Prior to the Mexican Cession of 1848 the UnitedStates and Mexico were having boundary disputes over where the Texas boarderexisted. President Polk reacted by sending troops into Mexico to protect theTexas boundary lines. A year and a half later Mexico surrendered and Texas wasgranted the Rio Grande border line in the Treaty of Guadalupe. Because of thedifferent nations or countries that owned land on the continent, the U.S. wasforced to purchase or fight for the land it wanted. This caused the newlyacquired territories to have a more diverse group of people, which affected thesocial development of the nation as a whole. Another huge factor that played arole in expansion was that of available resources. As the people began to movewestward they would settle in areas with vast amounts of natural resources suchas lakes or streams, where they could gather food. Lakes were very important totravel because they provided drinking water for the people and attracted wildanimals to the area, which could be hunted for food. Also if an area were to dryor rocky it wouldnt be settled. People looked for the best places to live,places they coul d profit from the most. During the gold rush everyone traveledto the western coast in hopes of becoming rich for the very same reason. Thisfactor affected the economical and social development of the U.S. becausecertain areas or regions would produce specific products. Different types ofpeople would also live in the separate areas depending on wealth or trade thatthe family specified in. The third and maybe the greatest factor affecting themigration across the land was geography. Mountains, rivers, lakes, plains, andin some cases canyons were among the biggest impediments for people moving outwest. At first people began to settle beyond the Appalachian Mountains andslowly moved westward towards the Mississippi River. Here they had to cross withtheir belongings safely without sinking them or getting them wet. Next they hadto cross the Great Plains that stretched on for miles and miles without food orwater. Depending on the time of year it was the weather conditions variedsometimes ma king it impossible to travel because of snow or heavy fog. Finally,the Rocky Mountains stood in their path. Being the only obstacle left betweenthem and the Pacific Ocean, the Rocky Mountains were the most difficult to pass. .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 , .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .postImageUrl , .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 , .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:hover , .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:visited , .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:active { border:0!important; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:active , .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo And Juliet (637 words) Essay We will write a custom essay on US Expansion Of 1800s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Travelers would be lost or stranded in the mountains with no food for weeks,sometimes turning to cannibalism. Many people died from disease and starvationduring their difficult trip west proving it to be virtually impossible to reachthe other side of the continent. These natural barriers slowed the progress ofexpansion across America and isolated groups of people traveling, causing themto settle where they were. Because of this, small towns or villages formed alongthe routes west. The geography also contributed to the social development ofAmerica as the barriers isolated people and kept the economy the same indifferent sections of the country. This had many bad affects on the economies insome areas where the people were dependent upon one thing resource, crop, orproduct. During the time of expansion large areas of land were given to theUnited States from foreign countries. Great Britain contributed the most land tothe U.S. through treaties especially at the end of the Revolutionary W ar. Francesold the Louisiana territory to the U.S. inexpensively and Spain also soldFlorida to the United States in the Adams-Onis treaty. Every foreign nationsigned a treaty with the U.S. agreeing to sell their land claims in thecontinent, except for Mexico. Mexico caused the most problems politically,economically, and socially. The United States went to war with Mexico overTexass boundaries and won, taking Texas and the people with it. Through thepolitical confrontation with Mexico the U.S. changed its own economic and socialdevelopment by bringing Mexicans into the country. With every purchase or treatythe U.S. made they took in more and more people from other countries changingthe social development country. This is why other nations played the greatestrole in the development and expansion of the United States